The WLAN is operated in some high traffic area where the radiation beam produced by the antenna is to be utilized with optimum efficiency. The aim of those antennas is to produce some directive and switched beams rather than producing Omni-directional pattern since these beam patterns are considered to be wastage in some non-used or low traffic areas. Hence, the antenna systems producing the directive and switched beams should be highly preferred for the WLAN application. A smart antenna array system performs the adaptive beam forming by focusing the beam in the desired direction and creating nulls in other directions to avoid the interference and the wasting of the beams. This is performed by the operating the phase shifting in its feed network and different ports. This paper investigates the performance of the different array patterns with different phase shifting for the optimum performance of the WLAN applications in a high congested indoor environment.

The interface through which a human brain establishes links with external devices is generally called Brain Computer Interface.  Making a cost-efficient approach while dealing with limitless brain patterns is found to be more challenging. In this work, feasibility of a cheaper but appropriate way of extracting and discriminating of several non-invasive EEG signals and using those for controlling devices such as a wheel chair has been proved. In the experiment the above mentioned three signals were well distinguished from each other. A microcontroller has been used for processing the signals collected from the brain and hence sending to the wheel chair controlling motors. Despite the challenges of dealing with very low but noise sensitive brain signals, their limitless patterns, and limited scope of necessary circuitries, this work has opened up the scope of feasibility of BCI technology in practical life with a simpler and easier approach.

The WLAN is operated in some high traffic area where the radiation beam produced by the antenna is to be utilized with optimum efficiency. The aim of those antennas is to produce some directive and switched beams rather than producing Omni-directional pattern since these beam patterns are considered to be wastage in some non-used or low traffic areas. Hence, the antenna systems producing the directive and switched beams should be highly preferred for the WLAN application. A smart antenna array system performs the adaptive beam forming by focusing the beam in the desired direction and creating nulls in other directions to avoid the interference and the wasting of the beams. This is performed by operating the phase shifting in its feed network and different ports. This paper investigates the performance of the different array patterns with different phase shifting for the optimum performance of the WLAN applications in a highly congested indoor environment.

In this paper, on-body radio channel performance of a compact ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated for body-centric wireless communications. Measurement campaigns were first done in the chamber and then repeated in an indoor environment for comparison. The path loss parameter for eight different on-body radio channels has been characterized and analyzed. In addition, the path loss was modeled as a function of distance for 34 different receiver locations for propagation along the front part of the body. Results and analysis show that, compared with anechoic chamber, a reduction of 16.34% path loss exponent is noticed in indoor environment. The antenna shows very good on-body radio channel performance and will be a suitable candidate for future efficient and reliable body-centric wireless communications.

In wireless systems the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most influential means of transmission techniques.  For better performance of wireless network, cooperative communication using multiple relay is widely used. Substantial improvement can be achieved in case of reliability and throughput for wireless network if multiple relays are implemented between the source and destination by developing cooperative communication with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) OFDM. A mathematical model has been developed based on amplify and forward (AF) multiple relay for the system of cooperative MIMO-OFDM. Along with the detection system based on minimum mean squared error, the cooperative MIMO-OFDM, with multiple relays, can provide better performance than transmission system using single relay, which can be found from analyzing simulation. 

Research directions indicate a behemoth shift will be required from the existing framework to activate 5G in full swing. Emphasis has been given on the factors and challenges of 5G, solutions have been proposed accordingly, and some ideas about the architecture have been achieved so far. The work shown in this study is not necessarily a radical one, rather demonstrated the challenges, their possible solutions, and more importantly the proposed solutions are precisely discussed in the context of the architecture. It has been assumed that the whole architecture is closely adjacent to the existing 4G architecture, except that all those elements in the same architecture will be far more capable to enable 5G. Addressing the requirements in a very precise approach, addressing the solutions, and finally locating exactly where they would be applied within the architecture is the main objective.

 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can provide high data rate and better performance and a combination of OFDM and cooperative communication may push a wireless network forward to its next generation with enhanced reliability and efficiency. In this work, we develop a mathematical model for cooperative multiple input multiple output (MIMO) OFDM system. Results are achieved in the study to evaluate and compare bit error rate (BER) for different detection schemes. Based on the results it can be mentioned that the performance of cooperative MIMO-OFDM with space time block code (STBC) under amplify and forward (AF) relay for the MMSE-SIC detection scheme was found very satisfactory with improved signal to noise ratio (SNR).